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<text id=93CT1643>
<title>
Central African Republic--History
</title>
<history>
Compact ALMANAC--CIA Factbook
Northern Africa
Central African Republic
</history>
<article>
<source>CIA World Factbook</source>
<hdr>
History
</hdr>
<body>
<p> Little is known of the successive waves of migration that
occurred during the precolonial history of the C.A.R. However,
it is believed that these migrations account for the complex
ethnic and linguistic patterns in the area.
</p>
<p> On April 19, 1887, a convention concluded with the Congo Free
State granted France possession of the right bank of the
Oubangui River. This convention and later international
agreements established the boundaries of Oubangui-Chari.
</p>
<p> In 1889, the French established an outpost at Bangui, located
at the upper limit of the year-round navigable portion of the
Oubangui River. In 1894, Oubangui-Chari became a territory; it
was placed under a high commander and gradually given an
administrative structure that began to be organized around 1900.
United with Chad in 1906, it formed the Oubangui-Chari-Chad
colony. In 1910, it became of the the four territories of the
Federation of French Equatorial Africa (A.E.F.), along with
Chad, Congo (Brazzaville) and Gabon.
</p>
<p> In August 1940, the territory responded, with the rest of
the A.E.F., to the call from Gen. Charles de Gaulle to fight for
Free France. After World War II, the French Constitution of
1946 inaugurated the first of a series of reforms that led
eventually to complete independence for all French territories
in western and equatorial Africa. The 1946 rights granted
French citizenship to all inhabitants and established local
assemblies. The next landmark was the Basic La (Loi Cadre) of
June 23, 1956, which eliminated all remaining voting
ineqaualities and provided for creation of governmental organs
to ensure a measure of self- government to individual
territories. The constitutional referendum of September 1958
dissolved the A.E.F. and saw further expansion of the internal
powers of the former overseas territories.
</p>
<p> The nation became an autonomous republic within the newly
established French Community on December 1, 1958, and acceded
to complete independence as the Central African Republic on
August 13, 1960.
</p>
<p> The first president, revered as the founder of the Central
African Republic, was Barthelemy Boganda. He died in an
airplane crash and was succeeded by his nephew David Dacko. On
January 1, 1966, following a swift and almost bloodless coup,
Col. Jean-Bedel Bokassa assumed power as president of the
Republic. Bokassa abolished the constitution of 1959, dissolved
the National Assembly, and issued a decree that placed all
legislative and executive powers in the hands of the president.
On December 4, 1976, the republic became a monarchy with the
promulgation of the imperial constitution and the proclamation
of the president as Emperor Bokassa I.
</p>
<p>Political Conditions
</p>
<p> On September 20, 1979, former President Dacko led a
successful and bloodless coup while Bokassa was out of the
country. Gross human rights violations committed by Emperor
Bokassa were largely responsible for his overthrow. Dacko's
efforts to provide economic and political reforms proved
ineffectual, and on September 20, 1981, he was overthrown in a
bloodless coup of Gen. Andre Kolingba. Unti September 21, 1985,
Kolingba headed a predominently military cabinet which was
composed of the Military Committee for National Recovery (CRMN).
On that date, the CRMN was dissolved, and Kolingba named a new
cabinet with increased civilian participation, signaling the
start of a return to civilian rule. In 1986, the process of
democratization quickened with the creation of a new political
party, the Rassemblement Democratique Centrafricain (RDC), and
the drafting of a new constitution that subsequently was
ratified in a national referendum. The constitution established
a parliament made up of a National Assembly, whose 52 deputies
are elected, and an economic and regional council with 16
members elected by the National Assembly and 16 members
appointed by the president. Deputies to the assembly were
elected in July 1987, and the assembly's first session was held
later that year. Durig 1988, these institutions provided a
forum for debate of public issues but had little substantive
impact on government policy. In May 1988, the assembly passed
legislation that lifted a ban on trade union activity in effect
since 1981 and provided the legal basis for trade union freedom
and the protection of union rights.
</p>
<p>Source: U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Public Affairs,
November 1989.
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>